On the Basques: Razib Khan's Substack ($) is a great source for (reasonably) accessible discussions of developments in genetics that, along with archaeology and linguistics, help illuminate prehistory (e.g. David Reich's Who We Are and How We Got Here).
Razib presents evidence that the Basques are associated with the Cardium Pottery culture and the population of Early European Farmers (i.e. the population originating in Anatolia that brought agriculture to most of Europe, and was later overwhelmed by Indo-European steppe-originating pastoralists... but not in the Basque Country or Sardinia!)
On the Basques: Razib Khan's Substack ($) is a great source for (reasonably) accessible discussions of developments in genetics that, along with archaeology and linguistics, help illuminate prehistory (e.g. David Reich's Who We Are and How We Got Here).
Razib presents evidence that the Basques are associated with the Cardium Pottery culture and the population of Early European Farmers (i.e. the population originating in Anatolia that brought agriculture to most of Europe, and was later overwhelmed by Indo-European steppe-originating pastoralists... but not in the Basque Country or Sardinia!)
https://www.razibkhan.com/p/iberia-ancient-europes-edge-of-the
https://www.razibkhan.com/p/iberia-from-scourge-of-islam-to-launchpad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardium_pottery#Genetics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_European_Farmers#A_common_genetic_origin_for_early_farmers_from_Mediterranean_Cardial_and_Central_European_LBK_cultures